Key Factors for the Successful Implementation of the National Innovation Policy: The Case of Lithuania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26458/1921Keywords:
innovation policy, national innovation system, innovative activitiesAbstract
Innovations play the crucial role in the economic growth in modern countries. It requires the technological progress and smart people as two main resources, needed for the actors in the national innovation system. Results of the national innovation system depend on the national innovation policy: its goals and priorities set in the agenda, policy formulation and adoption, its implementation process and its correction after the evaluation. But despite of the same stages of the public policy cycle, some countries implement the successful innovation policy (gain competitive advantage and the economic-social benefit from it) and some countries struggle (they try to catch-up other countries in the field of innovations).Lithuania as a small developed country in the EU has made a huge progress in terms of economics, social and technological advantage. However, despite of declared goals of innovation policy and the priorities in national strategies, governmental funding, promotion and support, the national progress in innovations in Lithuania still remains low. Therefore, stimulus and barriers for the successful implementation of Lithuanian innovation policy should be identified and analyzed, looking for problems and possible solutions. This paper aims to explain main theoretical implications about the successful implementation of innovation policy and to reveal how it is reflected in the case of national innovation policy in Lithuania. Scientific methods of the literature analysis, document analysis, secondary data analysis, summarizing, and interpretation are used in the research.References
Anderson, James E. Public policy making. An Introduction. Boston MA: Wadsworth, 2010.
Bitrán, Ricardo. “Tracking the Benefits Package from Paper to Practice. Monitoring and Evaluation.” In What's In, What's Out - Designing Benefits for Universal Health Coverage, edited by Amanda Glassman, Ursula Giedion and Peter C. Smith, 61-87. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, Center for Global Development, 2017.
Borrás, Susana and Edquist, Charles. “The choice of innovation policy instruments.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80(8) (2013): 1513-1522.
Bowen, Glenn A. “Document analysis as a qualitative research method.” Qualitative research journal 9(2) (2009): 27-40.
Brinkerhoff, Derick W. and Crosby, Benjamin L. Managing policy reform. Concepts and tools for decision-makers in developing and transitioning countries. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2002.
Carayannis, Ellias G. and Provance, Mike. “Measuring firm innovativeness: towards a composite innovation index built on firm innovative posture, propensity and performance attributes.” International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development 1(1) (2008): 90-107.
Community Innovation Survey (CIS). “The proportion of innovative enterprises fell below 50% in the EU in 2010-2012”, 2015. Accessed 21 May, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ documents/2995521/6483064/9-21012015-BP-EN.pdf/ad7e4bf6-fc8f-459b-a47e-da1c9043bf2e.
Corbin, Juliet and Strauss, Anselm Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2008.
Curral, Luis A., Forrester, Rosalind H., Dawson, Jeremy F. and West, Michael A. “It's what you do and the way that you do it: Team task, team size, and innovation-related group processes.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 10(2) (2001): 187-204.
den Hertog, Pim, Bergman, Edward, Charles, David. Innovative clusters: drivers of national innovation policy. OECD Publishing, 2001.
Edler, Jakob and Fagerberg, Jan. “Innovation policy: what, why, and how.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 1(33) (2017): 2-23.
Edquist, Charles. “Design of innovation policy through diagnostic analysis: identification of systemic problems (or failures).” Industrial and Corporate Change 20(6) (2011): 1725-1753.
Edquist, Charles. “Systems of Innovation: Perspectives and Challenges.” In Oxford Handbook of Innovation, edited by Jan Fagerberg, David C. Mowery, 181-208. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Edquist, Charles. “The Systems of Innovation Approach and Innovation Policy: An account of the state of the art”. DRUID conference, Aalborg (2001): pp. 12-15.
Etzkowitz, Henry and Leydesdorff, Loet. “The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and “Mode 2” to a Tripple Helix of University-Industry-Government relations.” Research Policy 29 (2) (2000): 109-123.
Etzkowitz, Henry. “University-Industry-Government: the Triple Helix Model of innovation.” Proceedings of 51-st EOQ Congress (2007): 22-23.
European Commission. “Human resources in science and technology (HRST) by sub-groups”. Accessed 21 May, 2019. https://rio.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/stats/human-resources-science-and-technology-hrst-sub-groups.
European Commission. “New doctoral graduates per thousand population aged 25-34”. Accessed 21 May, 2019. https://rio.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/stats/new-doctoral-graduates-thousand-population-aged-25-34.
European Commission. “Private Enterprise Expenditure on R&D {absolute value and intensity} – Lithuania” Accessed 21 May, 2019. https://rio.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/country-analysis/Lithuania/key-indicators/32692.
European Commission. “Public (government and higher education) R&D expenditure as % of GDP – Lithuania”. Accessed 21 May, 2019. https://rio.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/country-analysis/Lithuania/key-indicators/26108.
Eurostat. “Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, by sectors of performance, by country, 2016”. Accessed 21 May, 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File: Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_R%26D,_by_sectors_of_performance,_by_country.png&oldid=288709#file.
Florio, Massimo, Parteka, Aleksandra and Sirtori, Emanuela. “The Mechanisms of Technological Innovation in SMEs: A Bayesian Network Analysis of EU Regional Policy Impact on Polish Firms”. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24(5) (2018): 2131-2160.
Frenken, Koen. “A complexity-theoretic perspective on innovation policy”. Complexity, Innovation and Policy (2017): 35-47.
Hitt, Michael A., Ireland, R. Duane, Sirmon, David G. and Trahms, Cheryl A. “Strategic entrepreneurship: creating value for individuals, organizations, and society.” Academy of management perspectives 25(2) (2011): 57-75.
“Innovation policy”. Ministry of the Economy and Innovations of the Republic of Lithuania, 2018. Accessed 20 January, 2019. http://eimin.lrv.lt/en/sector-activities/innovation/innovation-policy.
International Monetary Fund. “World Economic Outlook April 2015. Uneven Growth. Short- and Long-Term Factors”, 2015. Accessed 10 January, 2019. http://www.imf.org/external/ pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/pdf/text.pdf
Johnston, Melissa P. “Secondary data analysis: A method of which the time has come.” Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries 3(3) (2014): 619-626.
Juknevičienė, Vita. “Regioninės inovacijų sistemos absorbcinio gebėjimo vystymas (Development of regional innovation system’s absorptive capacity).” Doctoral Dissertation, Kaunas University of Technology, 2015.
Khan, Anisur Rahman and Khandaker, Shahriar. “A Critical Insight into Policy Implementation and Implementation Performance.” Viešoji politika ir administravimas = Public Policy and Administration 4(15) (2016): 538-548.
Lascoumes, Pierre and Le Galès, Patrick. “Introduction: understanding public policy through its instruments - from the nature of instruments to the sociology of public policy instrumentation.” Governance 20(1) (2007): 1-21.
Levanti, Natasha. “Is UK innovation a competitive advantage?”, 2016. Accessed 19 May, 2019. http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/jul-2016/uk-innovation-competitive-advantage.
Liotard, Isabelle and Revest, Valerie. Contests as innovation policy instruments: Lessons from the US federal agencies' experience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 127 (2018): 57-69.
“Lithuania GDP - Gross Domestic Product. Lithuania records a drop in GDP in third quarter”, 2018. Accessed 16 January, 2019. https://countryeconomy.com/gdp/lithuania
“Lithuania’s Progress Strategy “Lithuania 2030””, 2012. Accessed Accessed 16 January, 2019. https://lrv.lt/uploads/main/ documents/files/EN_version/Useful_information/lithuania2030.pdf.
“Lithuanian Innovation Development Programme 2014-2020”, 2013. Accessed Accessed 10 January, 2019. https://mita.lrv.lt/en/ national-r-d-programmes/innovation-policy-in-lithuania.
Makselis, Rasius. “Kūrybinės industrijos ir tarpsektorinė inovacijų sąveika (Creative Industries and Cross-Innovation)”. Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis 72 (2014): 7-30.
Mazzucato, Mariana and Semieniuk, Gregor. “Public financing of innovation: new questions.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 33(1) (2017): 24-48.
Mazzucato, Mariana. The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Private vs Public Sector Myths. London: Anthem Press, 2013.
Meissner, Dirk, Polt, Wolfgang and Vonortas, Nicholas S. “Towards a broad understanding of innovation and its importance for innovation policy.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 42(5) (2017): 1184-1211.
Moon, Katie, Dickinson, Helen and Blackman, Deborah. Not another review about Implementation? Reframing the research agenda. Public Service Research Group Issues Paper Series 1. Canberra: University of New South Wales, 2017.
Mowery, David C. “Federal Policy and the Development of Semiconductors, Computer Hardware and Computer Software: A Policy Model for Climate Change R&D?” In Accelerating Energy Innovation: Insights from Multiple Sectors, edited by Rebecca M. Henderson and Richard G. Newell, 159-188. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
Paliokaitė, Agnė, Petraitė, Monika and Gonzalez Verdesoto, Elena. RIO Country Report 2017: Lithuania. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018.
Parsons, Wayne. “Policy Analysis in Britain.” In Handbook of public policy analysis, edited by Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney, 537-552. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2006.
Pülzl, Helga and Treib, Oliver. “Implementing public policy.” In Handbook of public policy analysis, edited by Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller and Mara S. Sidney, 89-108. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2006.
Ramstad, Elise. “Expanding innovation system and policy-an organisational perspective.” Policy studies 30(5) (2009): 533-553.
Schot, Johan and Steinmueller, W. Edward. “Three frames for innovation policy: R&D, systems of innovation and transformative change.” Research Policy 47(9) (2018): 1554-1567.
Signé, Landry. Policy Implementation - A synthesis of the Study of Policy Implementation and the Causes of Policy Failure (No. 1703). OCP Policy Center, 2017.
Singh, Rajiv. “Challenges of Implementing Policy in Public Organizations”, 2017. Accessed 15 January, 2019. https://www.slideshare.net/RajivSingh66/challenges-of-policy-implementation-in-public-organizationsppt.
Steward, Fred. “Transformative innovation policy to meet the challenge of climate change: sociotechnical networks aligned with consumption and end-use as new transition arenas for a low-carbon society or green economy.” Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 24(4) (2012): 331-343.
Stewart, John. “Advance or retreat: from the traditions of public administration to the new public management and beyond.” Public Policy and Administration 13(4) (1998): 12-27.
Tummers, Lars and Bekkers, Victor. “Policy implementation, street-level bureaucracy, and the importance of discretion.” Public Management Review 16(4) (2014): 527-547.
Vedung, Evert. “Policy instruments: typologies and theories.” In Carrots, sticks and sermons. Policy Instruments and Their Evaluation, edited by Marie-Louise Bemelmans-Videc, Ray C. Rist and Evert Vedung, 21-58. London: Routledge, 2017.
Weber, K. Matthias and Rohracher, Harald. “Legitimizing research, technology and innovation policies for transformative change: Combining insights from innovation systems and multi-level perspective in a comprehensive ‘failures’ framework.” Research Policy 41(6) (2012): 1037-1047.
West, Michael A., Hirst, Giles, Richter, Andreas and Shipton, Helen. “Twelve steps to heaven: Successfully managing change through developing innovative teams.” European journal of work and organizational psychology 13(2) (2004): 269-299.
Zhang, Xiaomeng and Bartol Kathryn M. “Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement.” Academy of management journal 53(1) (2010): 107-128.